Maa 725 - 4100 Words

| MAA 725 | Advanced Accounting Principles and Practice | | Dr. Li Liu | Unit Chair | Group 4 Chesten Anne G. Beloso – 212342256 Xiaohan Liu - 211640339 Cuanling Wei - 212120435 â€Å"We certify that the attached work is entirely our own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. We also declare that it has not been submitted for assessment in another unit or course.† 06 May 2013 Number of words: 3,943 INTRODUCTION This assignment aims to present in a clear and concise manner our viewpoint towards remuneration disclosure, considering steps to improve this matter of contention is taken voluntarily by the boards as recently stated by The Australian Financial Review. Section I explains†¦show more content†¦* An attempt to be an accountable or responsible company by reporting information voluntarily. Managers are likely to consider that stakeholders have a right to certain information, and that they should fulfil that entitlement despite the related costs (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Analysis This paper provides an overview of the current debate and the theories that attempt to explain executive remuneration disclosure. Attention is given to underlying accounting theories such as Positive Accounting Theory, Normative Accounting Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Legitimacy Theory, Institutional Theory, Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theory. We will now analyse motivations to improve remuneration disclosure using the theories of financial accounting. Accounting theories typically either explain or predict accounting practice or they stipulate unambiguous accounting practice. Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) aims to make good predictions of actual world events and convert them to accounting transactions. Its general objective is to understand and predict the choice of accounting policies across conflicting firms. It recognises that economic consequences exist. In relation to PAT, because there is a need to be efficient, the firm will want to minimise costs associated with the performance indicators used by the firm. PAT uses hypotheses aroundShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of crime are frustration of failure in school, the increasing availability of drugs and alcohol, and the increase of child abuse and neglect of children (Tsunokai Kposowa, 2009; Resko et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2008; Kotch et al., 2008; Maas, Herrenkohl, Sousa, 2008). All these factors increase the likelihood that a child will commit an offense. Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents The juvenile justice system in various countries tries to rehabilitate young people who were delinquentRead MoreDevelopmental Analysis Essay2754 Words   |  12 Pagespositive effect on children’s social, behavioral, psychological, and cognitive development later in life. In conclusion this study was meant as an exploratory and preliminary investigation of fathers; experience during pregnancy Vreeswijk,M.J.M.,C., Maas,B.M.A.,J., Rijk,H.A.M.,C., Bakel ,V.J.A. H., (2013). Over the years as growing into an adult it has really been a struggle for me to maintain a healthy relationship with the opposite sex, because I am always questioning is this person who they sayRead MoreRoy Theory14019 Words   |  57 Pagesexpected range in response to activity.† Nursing-sensitive outcome measures are operations or activities that describe precisely what outcome indicator is to be measured and how; for example, extremely compromised (1) to not compromised (5) (Johnson, Maas, Moorhead, 2000). Outcomes, outcome indicators, and outcome measures are all needed to establish patient outcomes or goals. There are similarities between goals as defined by the adaptation model and outcomes as defined by NOC. Both address individualsRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 Pageseducation. Listening to Rap †¢ 705 Finally, we include a measure of respondents’ own cultural capital activities. While mainly used as an explanation of educational and occupational attainment (DiMaggio 1982; DiMaggio and Mohr 1995; Aschaffenburg and Maas 1997), measures of cultural capital have also been deployed to uncover dispositions, or orientations, towards the arts (Bourdieu 1984; Swartz 1997). We use it here as a further measure of the characteristics and lifestyles of the audience for rap –

Capitalism Is A Sustainable Society Essay - 1833 Words

Analysis of Capitalism Capital can be defined as assets that can produce goods and services. Capitalism is a type of society that current exists only in some parts of the world. This type of society is actually only several hundreds of years old and does not exist everywhere on earth. In an isolated scenario, capitalism has its benefits. But the nature of capitalism is not isolated and this is the reason why it’s dysfunctional. Through this analysis, I will explain the nature of capitalism, why it’s beneficial and why it’s dysfunctional. To finish, I will explain why capitalism is a sustainable society. Capitalism was not discovered. Instead it was evolved only recently. In order to illustrate this phenomenon, let’s take the physics nature of gravity as an example. Physicists have traced the existence of gravity all the way back to the big bang that occurred almost 14 billion years ago. When Sir Isaac Newton noticed an apple fall from a tree and examined it, he described the concept of gravity. The phenomenon of gravity had always existed but it took a long time before somebody described it, therefore â€Å"discovering† something that already existed. The description of it provided a basis for our further understanding and new discoveries in physics. On the other hand, capitalism was not always there. It only recently evolved into existence recently. Living things including both plants and animals live in societies or ecosystems. Take for example plants. Plants haveShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development Of Private Enterprise1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe primary objective of these two books is the sustainable development of private enterprise, and despite fact that they have been in existence for a couple of years since production, the content and key topics remain extremely pertinent to current arguments about sustainability of the environment, and climatic change. 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This is evident where Litfin specifically mentions the Global Action NetworksRead MoreGlobalization Is A Utopian Dream Of A Humanist Universality855 Words   |  4 PagesThe main assumption of this report is to discredit the false claims that globalization of Capitalism is the only viable path to greater prosperity and development for a society. This report identifies that there is in fact a necessity to explore other econ omic systems because neoliberal capitalism is currently observed to be greatly impacted by economic and ecological predicaments. The annotations below show numerous possibilities of using alternative economies as an altenative for growth and prosperityRead MoreMarket based environmentalism Essay examples683 Words   |  3 Pagesapproaches help promote both environmentalism and competitiveness by putting emphasis on the positive results rather than on the technologies (Bruekner 2010, 62). This essay shall explain the advantages and weaknesses of natural step and natural capitalism and why they are considered as market-based environmentalism. The natural step framework is an approach for tackling environmental problems built on agreement and systems assessment (Bruekner 2010, 63). Its main aim is to make organizationsRead MoreEvaluation: Ethical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding Drucker and Friedman. Some key components that are included in the evaluation are: †¢ A definition of the concept of social responsibility. †¢ What Cohen identifies as the social responsibility of a business to the workers, stakeholders, and society as a whole. †¢ How Cohen’s perspective of the social responsibility of business aligns with the perspective of Drucker. †¢ How Cohen’s opinion of the social responsibility of business compares with the opinion of Friedman. †¢ Finally, an identificationRead More Ecofeminism- Links the domination of women and the domination of nature.958 Words   |  4 Pagesfalls into this subordinate category because it continues to be pressed and used to benefit the man machine. It may be hard for participants in the capitalist system to open their eyes and accept an ecofeminist stance when the realms of ecology and capitalism are held in opposition. 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The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sust ainable development as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†2. The second perspectiveRead MoreManipulating Activism Case Study923 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental perception and organizational flaws could create visible change, the most significant solution to environmental issues is found at the level of reforming practices at the macro-level, since the relationship between the government and capitalism perpetuates the largest-scale environmental harm. Micro-level efforts such as individualism help bring awareness to environmental issues, but their success is ultimately limited and manipulated by macro-level powers. Maniates recognizes how American

Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales Free Essays

The Winds of April. Manila: University of the Philippines Press, 1941. * Seven Hills Away. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales or any similar topic only for you Order Now Denver: Alan Swallow, 1947. * Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories. Manila: Benipayo, 1954; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories. Manila: Benipayo, 1954; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * A Season of Grace. Manila: Benipayo, 1956; Russian translation, 1974; Malaysian translation, 1988; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * The Bamboo Dancers. Manila: Benipayo, 1957; first published in full in Diliman Review and Manila Times Sunday Magazine (three-part serial); Alan Swallow, 1961; Russian translation, 1964; Manila: Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992 * Look, Stranger, on this Island Now. Manila: Benipayo, 1963. * Selected Stories. Denver, CO: Alan Swallow, 1964. * Mindoro and Beyond: Twenty-one Stories. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1981; New Day, 1989 (emended edition). * The Bread of Salt and Other Stories. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993; University of the Philippines Press, 1993. * Work on the Mountain.Includes The Father and the Maid, Essays on Filipino Life and Letters and Kalutang: A Filipino in the World, University of the Philippines Press, 1996. * A Novel of Justice: Selected Essays 1968-1994. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts and Anvil (popular edition), 1996. * A Grammar of Dreams and Other Stories. University of the Philippines Press, 1997. * The Winds of April. Reissue, University of the Philippines Press, 1997. N. V. M. Gonzalez once said. A teacher, author, journalist and essayist, Gonzalez is one of the most widely recognized, anthologized and closely studied among Filipino writers. His most notable works include the novels The Winds of April, The Bamboo Dancers and A Season of Grace, short story collections Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and The Bread of Salt and Other Stories and essay collections Work on the Mountain and The Novel of Justice: Selected Essays. Gonzalez distinctively wrote of the Filipino life, of the Filipino in the world. Gonzalez is himself a Filipino in the world, traversing between the United States and the Philippines and exploring Europe and Asia. The affair of letters Gonzalez created is more than literature.It is the story of a Filipino in the world. It is his story. Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez, familiarly known as simply â€Å"N. V. M. ,† was born on September 8, 1915 in Romblon, Romblon and moved to Mindoro at the age of five. The son of a school supervisor and a teacher, Gonzalez helped his father by delivering meat door-to-door. Gonzalez attended Mindoro High School from 1927 to 1930, and although he studied at National University in Manila, he never obtained a degree. While in Manila, Gonzalez wrote for the Philippine Graphic and later edited for the Evening News Magazine and Manila Chronicle.His first published essay appeared in the Philippine Graphic and his first poem in Poetry in 1934. â€Å"For the good of my soul lately I have been reading Jose Rizal and as much as I admire Mr. Rizal’s political sentiments, I must say I prefer Gonzalez as a novelist. † -Wallace Stegner, 1950| A Rockefeller Foundation fellowship, awarded to Gonzalez in 1948, allowed the aspiring author to travel to Stanford University in Palo Alto, California and Columbia University in New York City. While at Stanford, Gonzalez attended lectures and classes from many prominent writers, Wallace Stegner and Katherine Anne Porter amongst them.After Gonzalez returned to the Philippines in 1950, he began a long teaching career, beginning with a position at the University of Santo Tomas. Gonzalez also taught at the Philippine Women’s University, but it was the lengthy position at the University of the Philippines that gave distinction to Gonzalez’s career – as a teacher at the university for 18 years, Gonzalez was only one of two people to teach there without holding a degree. Gonzalez hosted the first University of the Philippines writer’s workshop with a group who would soon form the Ravens. In addition, Gonzalez made his mark in the writing community as a member of the Board of Advisers of Likhaan: the University of the Philippines Creative Writing Center, founder The Diliman Review and as the first president of the Philippine Writers’ Association. Gonzalez continued to teach when he returned to California in the 1960s, serving as a visiting professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara; professor emeritus at California State University, Hayward; and professor at University of California at Los Angeles’ Asian American Studies Center and English department.Throughout Gonzalez’s teaching career, the author produced 14 books and accumulated many awards along the way. Through these writings, Gonzalez received many prestigious awards, including repeated Palanca Memorial Award for Literature awards, the Jose Rizal Pro Patria Award, and the City of Manila Medal of Honor. In addition, his books became internationally recognized, and his works h ave been translated into Chinese, German, Russian and Bahasa Indonesian. Gonzalez received an honorary doctorate from the University of the Philippines in 1987 and became its first international writer in residence in 1988.He served as the 1998-1999 Regents Professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and continued to receive distinctions such as the National Artist Award for Literature in 1997 and the Centennial Award for Literature in 1998. In 1990 and 1996, â€Å"N. V. M. Gonzalez Days† were celebrated in San Francisco and Los Angeles, respectively. Despite Gonzalez’s travels, he never gave up his Filipino citizenship. Critics feared that Gonzalez would someday settle into the Filipino-American genre of literature, but Gonzalez often pointed out with an all-familiar twinkle in his eye, â€Å"I never left home.True to his word, the home that shaped Gonzalez’s days is present in his writings, from the blossoming of a love story to the culture reflected in an immigrant experience. N. V. M. started his career at the age of 19; 65 years later, he was still creating affairs with letters. He passed away on November 28, 1999, due to kidney complications. He was 84. N. V. M. Gonzalez is remembered as an innovative writer, a dedicated and humble worker and an honest witty friend. He will be dearly missed. How to cite Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales, Papers

Bp Problem with the Oil Spill for Technology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBp Problem with the Oil Spill for Technologyin Society. Answer: The British Petroleum (BP) offshore drilling ring caused an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This occurred when their equipment failed causing the explosion and making the ring to sink. This event had serious effects on the stakeholders (Bozeman, 2011). The effects of the oil spills are being felt by the society and economy either on the long-term or short-term period. The occurrence led to the loss of human lives who worked at BP. The aquatic creatures could not survive due to the pollution in the deep-sea. The oil spills led to a decline in tourist arrivals who visited the coastal region. People who relied on fishing and other recreational activities had to suffer due to the lack of a source of income. The values for property decreased and the commercial activities in the region were highly affected. Investing in this region became a risky thing as the place that was always busy and highly populated, was now unattractive to investors. This essay seeks to discuss this situation and the ethical issues involved from the BPs and other stakeholders. BP Management must make sure that they reduce their operating expenses and increase their profits. They have to work under limited time and hit the set targets. The company gives bonuses and other benefits to those who achieve the set targets. This is a show of self-interest while ignoring the safety of the environment. Halliburton presented two options for constructing the well designs. BP company decided to pick on the cheap and fastest well design. Halliburton knowing that there was a high probability of the well design failing disagreed with Bp, as they wanted to satisfy the customer and any disagreement would lead them to lose the job (Mezi? et al. ,2010). The long string casting method reduced the operating cost and time resulting in a reduction in the price charged to the public. This was deemed effective if only the explosion did not occur, but unfortunately, the oil spill happened. BP was fined due to their act of negligence (Flammer, 2013). This proved that the well design option they settled for was not the best. Engineers do not give priority to their safety, although they have raised their worries about the absence of safety strategy to the organization, they involve themselves in the controversial decision. This is due to their worry about having job security while ignoring public safety and environmental damage. Whistleblowing promotes public safety and may have been done. Conferring to NPSEs way of behavior, Engineers must follow the uppermost values of uprightness and reliability when carrying out their duties. Engineers will guide their clienteles on the outcome to expect on the projects in the future ignoring their self-interests at the cost of the dignity and honesty of their profession. BPs code of conduct states that if one is not sure of the way out in a given situation, or else is worried about the code of conduct is broken, one is obligated to express himself out (Summerhays Villiers, 2012). Employees should have reported the safety issues and if no action was taken, they ought to have stopped working and speak up for their safety. Employees have to weigh their respect for the company and their respect for the fellow workmates lives and the public at large. This overshadows the respect for the company. The employees ought to have insisted on directing BP managers that if they carry on their exercise, their safety was at risk. They would have snubbed their interests of securing their jobs resulting in putting their workmates, public lives and the marine lives at risk. Some employees fail to report t when they see something going wrong in their place of work, and thus they become partly liable in case of misfortunes. However, this would be due to the culture of BP, where anyone trying to raise concerns about safety that will derail the drilling plan would lead them jobless. The worker and those who had worked for BP in the past said that the management abandoned old equipment, distressed and abused the workers not to report the problems they encountered (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). They also postponed or ignored inspections so that they would reduce production costs involved. Besides harassment, some employees were even fired. This not only happened to the employees but also to some sub-contractors. They were unable to forward their concerns regarding their safety due to the culture in BP of putting speed and finance first ignoring safety. This deed of firing and mishandling employees is not justified. It shows that BP was not ready to follow the safe ty procedures. By dismissing its workers, BP reduced the threat of internal information going outside as those fired served as examples to the rest of the employees. This was demoralizing the employees, as they had to be silent about safety due to job security. The workers could also have thought of a different way out for conveying their safety issues to the management. The workers could have sent anonymous emails or write suggestion letters withholding their identity. This would have prevented harassment and been fired and would have probably made the management to act differently. Whereas concealing the issues concerning safety in the organization, BP increased the duration where they enjoyed the big amount of profits and maintained a good reputation. This was later to turn into a great loss felt by BP and the world, which was much greater than the benefits they enjoyed (Barnett, 2014). The employees lost their lives, a large number of marine lives perished, and huge sums of money were used to help clean up the oil spill and also compensating the affected people (Dubinsky et al., 2013). The action of BP is not justified. According to the code of conduct for companies, activities carried out should be done in a professional, ethical and responsible manner. Managers in BP should do things in a proper and accountable way. The management was receiving concerns about safety yet they failed to rectify or even act on them. This showed that the management did not act professionally in line with the organization code of conduct. BP might have possibly considered not to reveal the oil spill loss thinking that this could have helped in reducing the community fright and preventing confusion (Smith, Ashcroft, 2011). Through the imposed fear, BP should concentrate on developing and implementing the control measures. Thus, BP concealed the facts so as to get a full advantage to the community as well as the company hoping that the company will be able to clean up the spills. This is unethical and should not be tolerated by any organization. BP violated the codes of ethics in several ways. As stated in IEEE, one should be truthful and real while declaring estimates and claims. The BP underestimated the oil spill rate. BP management responded to the public by stating that the estimates were complex to make. Considering the Reversibility theory of ethics, BP managers were obligated to inform the people who use and live at that coastal region about the actual damage caused by the oil spill and its effects; this could have helped them to determine the magnitude of the effects on their health and livelihood in general. The ecologist and another specialist also need to know the exact data so that they can act appropriately. Thus, BP should not have underestimated the oil spill. BP was withholding vital information needed. Agreeing with NSPE standard of morals, engineers will shun the usage of declarations comprising a substantial falsification of information or overlook a material detail. A live streaming video of the wellhead was to be made available to the public by BP. However, the company released a compressed video lacking the significant details. It is possible that it tried to ignore important proofs from the people. Conferring to the code of morals, engineers should not avail openly or unevenly any involvement meant to influence the public specialist or protected work (Freudenburg, Gramling, 2011). The BP Company acted dishonorably by buying online search engines and scientists to try to reclaim its tattered image In conclusion, whereas dealing with ethical issues, there could be some conflict of interest between the engineers and the BP management at the expense of public interest. Ccompromising human lives is not justified even though at times it calls for the sacrifice the engineers interests (Griggs, 2011). The BP management did not respect the uncompromising principle when they compromised the condition of the rigs safety equipment. Halliburton and BP engineers worked on their self-interests of job security at the cost of the public and aquatic lives leading to rising of the oil spill disaster (Mariano et al., 2011). The difference between what is correct or incorrect in any ethical issue is unclear. A decision that is acceptable to one party may be unfavorable to the others. A suitable measure would be to fulfill all or most universally agreed approach (Goldstein, Kriesky Pavliakova 2012). However, professional codes of ethics may fail to include all possible situations that an employee may encounter thus the engineers should put into consideration all likely solutions and make a decision founded on the most suitable method. References Barnett, M. L. (2014). Why stakeholders ignore firm misconduct: A cognitive view.Journal of Management,40(3), 676-702. Bozeman, B. (2011). The 2010 BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Implications for a theory of organizational disaster.Technology in Society,33(3-4), 244-252. Cherry, M. A., Sneirson, J. F. (2010). Beyond Profit: Rethinking corporate socialResponsibility and greenwashing after the BP oil disaster.Tul. L. Rev.,85, 983. Dubinsky, E. A., Conrad, M. E., Chakraborty, R., Bill, M., Borglin, S. E., Hollibaugh, J. T., Tom, L. M. (2013). A succession of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.Environmental science technology,47(19), 10860-10867. Freudenburg, W. R., Gramling, R. (2011).Blowout in the Gulf: The BP oil spill disaster and the future of energy in America. MIT Press. Flammer, C. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), 758-781. Griggs, J. W. (2011). BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill.Energy LJ,32, 57. Goldstein, B. D., Kriesky, J., Pavliakova, B. (2012). Missing from the table: the role of the environmental public health community in governmental advisory commissions related to Marcellus Shale drilling.Environmental Health Perspectives,120(4), 483. Mariano, A. J., Kourafalou, V. H., Srinivasan, A., Kang, H., Halliwell, G. R., Ryan, E. H., Roffer, M. (2011). On the modeling of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill.Dynamics ofAtmospheres and Oceans,52(1-2), 322-340. Mezi?, I., Loire, S., Fonoberov, V. A., Hogan, P. (2010). A new mixing diagnostic and Gulf oil spill movement.Journal of Science,330(6003), 486-489. Summerhays, K., de Villiers, C. (2012). Oil company annual report disclosure responses to the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. New York publishers Smith, L., Smith, M., Ashcroft, P. (2011). Analysis of environmental and economic damages From British Petroleums Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Pearson.

Asian and American Women in the Media free essay sample

Compares how the American media portrays female Asian athletes and female American athletes. This paper compares and contrasts Asian women in professional and competitive sports against American women that are engaged in the same sports. The author emphasizes the role of Chinese and American women in the Olympic games. He then demonstrates how the popular media in the United States tends to present female Asian athletes as being overly dedicated to their respective sports to the end goal of drug use or cheating, while female American athletes are presented as being dedicated but also are completely honest in all respects. The American and the Asian medias treat their own female athletes much as they would their male athletes, but it is evident that the American mainstream media tends to portray Asian women as athletes that are not really competitors but are instead almost monstrous. In articles from the 1998 Summer Games, for example, the allegations that the Chinese athletes were using drugs allowed the media to vilify these women. We will write a custom essay sample on Asian and American Women in the Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

MBA program at St. Scholastica Essays

MBA program at St. Scholastica Essays MBA program at St. Scholastica Essay MBA program at St. Scholastica Essay The College of St. Scholastica, which is a private school, offers online MBA programs and the deadline for applying is open and rolling. St. Scholastica has all the online graduate business program classes recorded and archived for further use. The online MBA program at the St. Scholastica is not accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. This is the Gold standard of accreditation for business schools. The online business graduate program was founded in the academic year 2013-2014 but the total number of enrolled participants is not known. The tuition for both in-state and out-of-state students is $485. The deadline for the application process is open and rolling and the e-mail for admissions is [emailprotected] The deadline date is the same for US residents as well as out-of-state, international students. The director of admissions is Lindsay Lahti and the phone for info on admissions is 866 478 9277. St. Scholastica awards MBAs and it has both full-time and half-time faculty instructors that teach the online courses. The degree from this online MBA course can be earned online entirely. Campus-based students are not allowed to be part of these online business graduate programs. The recommended Internet speed for this online course is 56k and there is instructor response for any type of problem within 24 hours. The tuition for both part-time and full-time studies is equivalent to $485. This online MBA program is one of the best programs that become all time favorite among young students who want to become prominent in the business field. If you want to have a degree that is recognized in all of the American states, this is definitely the MBA program that you have to choose. All in all, we have to say that we are more than pleased with the outcome from this online program and its growing popularity.

Narcissistic personality disorder Research Paper - 1

Narcissistic personality disorder - Research Paper Example All of these symptoms characterize an individual with poor social interactivity and will likely manifest opportunistic personality traits in the pursuit of exploiting others in their social and professional environments. The narcissist’s lack of empathy creates distance between himself and others in a variety of social and professional environments when disregard for the well-being of others becomes an ongoing, blatant display of self-importance. When confronted by others about these behaviors, an individual with this disorder should be expected to be defensive and manifest behaviors typical with a person who has experienced radical blows to their self-esteem. The narcissist may become disruptive and begin a process of attempting to denigrate the confronter either publicly or privately in an effort to restore their own reputation, an attitude common with individuals who maintain absolutely false perceptions of reality. ... n, this characterizes an individual with unhealthy relationship focus who will likely superimpose false self-confidence over what is actually low self-esteem that continues to place the narcissist amid a distorted reality that leads to unsatisfying relationships and extreme grandiosity that can produce antagonistic responses from others they encounter in their social environment. The triggers of narcissistic personality do not seem to be universally defined, however some of these attitudes of self-importance are developed earlier in adolescence during the period of cognitive development where the individual is experiencing identity formation, influenced by parental involvement or the quality of adolescent relationships during these formative years. However, there is also evidence that environmental triggers also lead to the development of narcissistic personality disorder that occur later in adult life. As one relevant example of adult onset narcissistic personality disorder, conside r a high-performing salesperson who rises to authority quickly and is especially talented in a specific creative field. Constant attention and endorsement from superiors can lead an individual to experience sensations of invincibility that impact the quality of relationships with coworkers and senior-level management. An individual fitting this classification may abuse their expense accounts, degrade associates, and begins to lose personal understanding of how this behavior disturbs the quality of relationships in the professional environment (McDonald, 88). In this lifestyle scenario, the trigger of narcissistic personality disorder is constant reassurance from important colleagues or superiors that the individual is successful and provides extreme value to the organization for their

Achieving the NAEYC Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Achieving the NAEYC Standards - Essay Example I met this standard. I got to understand what young children are like; understood what influences their development; and used this understanding to create great environments where all children can thrive. During my internship, I took part in various voluntary activities whereby I engaged personally with individual children. For instance, in the first day I hold a child who is five months, and he was crying; I sat with him and played with him by using different toys, and I used a toy to teach him the colors (red, green, yellow, and blue.) The first couple of weeks was very informative and built block throughout the entire internship; I observed a lot. It is important for any professional teacher to get to know and develop an understanding of children in their classroom. These observations helped me get a deeper view of the thinking and reasoning skills these children possessed. Hence, it gave me an easier time creating any game that would point them in the right direction such as I ma de a traffic light which helped them to understand what they saw every day on the street when they came to the school. I put it in the outdoor play and, I explained that red means stop, yellow means slow down, and green means go. Then, they pretended that they were the policemen who controlled the traffic. They were very active and happy, and they loved it. Thus, through the sensitive nature the simple it was to meet their learning needs and develop a productive and comfy environment for teaching and learning.

The Labor Market Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The Labor Market Discrimination - Essay Example Also, the reduction of the discrimination from the beginning like in schools and the removal of complete disparity at this stage helps in developing more diverse society and a more effective labor market as well. The focus on skills rather than the creed and culture is also a major factor impacting the reduction of the Labor Market Discrimination. Other factors that also impact the Labor Market Discrimination include the opening up of fewer jobs for people and the acceptance of genders, castes and creed helps in improving the condition of the Labor Market Discrimination. The three movies that have been discussed in this class include Freedom Writers, Rossie the Riveter and Crash. The three movies although are of different genres and come from completely different views and insights have the main theme of gender and race discrimination. For instance, the movie Crash is based on a complete racial discrimination where the police officer is against African Americans and hence takes the step of even sexually abusing here in a routine stop. All actions that the police officer takes are based on complete racial discrimination and have a major impact on the story as a whole. In terms of Rossie the Riveter, it is clear that the discrimination is mostly based on the women and how women are treated like they cannot work. In the normal world, there are a number of jobs that are believed to be a ‘man’s job’ and women are considered to be unworthy of doing the job. This story has brought out how women overcome all the conventional beliefs and s how the world that they can work together and can work as well or in fact better than men in a number of occasions as well. Considering the Freedom Writer the story brings out how a culturally mixed class work together and how a woman is able to bring an unruly class to a more organized and well-behaved class.  Ã‚  

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) V1.5 Equation for ns changed(Removed time) Changes are bolded Before Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) was developed, theoretical studies on high swirling confined turbulent flows can only be validated by conducting experimental studies. These experimental studies require long leading time and high cost. Now, with the help of CFD, researchers are able to study these complex flows in a much shorter time and with a lower cost incurred. Many experimental studies have been conducted on the high swirling confined turbulent flows but little has been done on the computational modelling. Most of these intricate flow simulations are accomplished at the expense of high computational cost methods such as Large Eddy Simulations(LES) and Direct Numerical Simulations(DNS). Thus, a lower computational cost alternative will be very helpful in the studies of high swirling confined turbulent flows. Thus, this project will be using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based turbulence models in ANSYS FLUENT to simulate the high swirling confined turbulent flows in two different test cases and the results validated with experimental data. The aims and objectives are discussed as follows: Aims and Objectives Aims To validate the accuracy of RANS based turbulence models for the simulation of high swirling confined turbulent flows. Objectives To simulate the high swirling confined turbulent flows using ANSYS FLUENT with different RANS turbulence models. To compare the numerical data from the simulations with the experimental data to validate the accuracy of the turbulence models. To understand the effect of the RANS turbulence models on the predicted results. Review of Confined Swirling Flows Confined swirling flow plays an important role in various engineering fields. For example, they can enhance the mixing process in the stirred tanks, improve the separation of particles in cyclones [1] and also increases the flame stability in gas turbine combustors. So, what is a swirling flow? A swirling flow is a flow where a swirl velocity that exists in the tangential direction other than the flow motion in the axial and radial directions. The swirl velocity of the flow plays a major role in the evolution and decay process of swirling flow motion but not the radial velocity of the flow as shown in a study by Beaubert et al. [2] A swirling flow consist of two types of rotational motion. A solid body rotation at the inner region near the centerline and a free vortex motion at the outer region. [14] Solid body rotation and free vortex motion respectively has its velocity directly and inversely proportional to the radius of the pipe at the centre of their axis of rotation as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Velocity profile of swirling flow in a pipe. [4] Confined swirling flow can then be categorized into subcritical and supercritical flows. A subcritical flow has a reverse flow at the exit and is very sensitive towards changes at the exit as shown experimentally by Escudier and Keller[11]. On the other hand, the supercritical flow has no reverse flow at the exit and is insensitive towards variation at the exit.[10] Subcritical flows are formed when the ratio of maximum swirl velocity to the averaged axial velocity exceeds unity was stated in a theory by Squire[12]. Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) CFD is a methodology which is employed to study fluid flow using numerical analysis and algorithms to solve the governing flow equations. In the past, the field of fluid dynamics was made up of purely experimental and theoretical studies. CFD is considered the third approach in the studies of fluid mechanics and would complement the two existing methods. [5] The three main elements when implementing CFD are the pre-processor, solver and post-processor. The pre-processors task is to transform the input of a flow problem into a form that is suitable for the solver. During pre-processing, the geometry of the problem is defined and the flow domain is divided into smaller cells (meshing). The physical (eg: turbulence) and chemical phenomena that needs to be modelled are selected and the fluid properties are defined. Next, the boundary conditions are given to cells which interacts with the domain boundary. The solution to the flow problem is stored in the nodes in each cell. In the solver, the conservation equation containing the mass, momentum, energy and species is integrated over each cells. Then, the unknown variables of the equation are interpolated and substituted back into the equation. The solver then runs numerical techniques to solve the derivatives and flux in the cells. Lastly, the post-processor allows user to analyse the data obt ained by plotting graphs and observe the flow animation. [6] Review of Turbulence Flows All fluids in motion are governed by the conservation of mass equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. The latter equation relates the flow properties such as the velocity, pressure, density and temperature for a moving fluid. The conservation of mass equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation (in Cartesian tensor notation) can be respectively written as Turbulence is shown to develop as an instability in the laminar flow through detailed analysis of the solutions for the Navier Stokes equation. [7]. In principle, Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) can be used to simulate very accurate turbulent flow by solving the exact equations with the appropriate boundary conditions. However, it requires very large amount of computational power as this method has to represent all of the eddies from the smallest scale to the largest scale and the time step chosen must be small enough to resolve the fastest fluctuations. The turbulent eddies will be discussed in more detail in the next section. The two other methods that can be used to simulate the turbulent flows (with decreasing computational power and accuracy) would be the Large Eddy Simulation(LES) and turbulence modelling with Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equation (RANS). Basically, LES solves the governing equations partially as only the large eddies are solved using the governing equations and the filtered smaller eddies are modeled while RANS models the entire turbulence eddies and only the mean variables are calculated. For turbulence modelling, the minute details of the turbulent motion are not prioritized so only the average flow properties are solved. In a turbulent flow, the velocity field fluctuates randomly in both space and time. Despite the fluctuations, the time averaged velocity can be determined and the velocity field equation can be written as: () where is the time averaged velocity and is the fluctuating component in the velocity field. Other than the velocity, other flow properties can also be decomposed into its mean and fluctuating parts. In our simulations, the flow is assumed to be steady, have constant density and axially symmetric. Thus, the incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations (in Cartesian tensor notation) can be written as Where is the Reynolds Stress tensor, which is a component of a symmetric second order tensor from the averaged process. The diagonal terms are normal stresses while the non-diagonal terms are shear stresses. The Reynolds Stress can be understood as the net momentum transfer due to velocity fluctuations. This term also provided unknown terms to be equation and thus, more equations have to be found to match the number of unknowns to solve the equations. A straightforward method of generating equations would be to create new sets of partial differential equations (PDEs) for each term using the original set of Navier-Stokes equation. This can be done by multiplying the incompressible NS equations by the fluctuating property and time averaging them to produce the Reynolds-Stress equation. By deriving the Reynolds Stress term, we can identify what is influencing the stress term but the problem with this approach is that more unknowns and correlations were generated and no new equations are formed to account for these unknowns. [7] Thus, these unknown terms have to be modelled to close the equation before they can be used. Review of Turbulence Eddies The velocity field fluctuations in the turbulence flows are actually the eddies in the flow. The eddies moving pass an object generates the turbulence kinetic energy and the length scale of the eddies, are determined by the diameter of the object. As the large eddy break down into smaller eddies, the turbulence kinetic energy will be passed down and eventually dissipated due to viscous forces in the flow. Thus, according to the Kolmogrov scales, the length and time scale of the smallest eddies depends on the rate they receive energy from the larger eddies, and the kinematic viscosity,. It is also noted that the rate of turbulence energy received is equal to the rate of turbulence energy dissipated so, . The Kolmogrov scales shows the length and time scale of the smallest eddies to be and respectively. [8] These expressions can then be used to determine the length and time scale ratio between the small and large eddies. () () From the equations above, we can conclude that the large eddies are several orders of magnitude larger than the small eddies. Thus, even at a low Reynolds number, the time and length ratio between the small and large eddies are significant enough to affect the number of elements and time step required to model the entire turbulent flow. Therefore, instead of solving all the eddies, turbulence modelling is required to reduce the amount of computational cost of CFD. Summary The understanding of the motions of confined swirling flows and characteristic of the subcritical and supercritical flows will be useful when explaining the simulation results. Before the simulation results are obtained, it is also important to identify the basic steps of running any CFD simulations which are the preprocessing, solving and post processing. DNS solves the exact NS equation while LES solves the equation for larger eddies and models the smaller eddies. The process of solving the exact equations takes up a lot of computational power as it would need to represent the all the turbulent eddies involved and a suitable time step has to be chosen to resolve the fluctuations. When compared to DNS and LES, RANS turbulence modelling requires the least computational power as it does not solve the exact NS equations but instead, models the entire turbulence eddy and only solves the mean average variables. The low computational cost of RANS turbulence modeling is the primary reason why this project has chosen it to simulate the confined swirling flows. However, the accuracy of this methods requires validation, which is the aim of this project. The RANS turbulence models created will be based on the PDEs of the Reynolds stress as a guideline as it shows how the Reynold stress behave. Thus, the next section will elaborate more about the RANS turbulence models that will be implemented in this project. The main objective of the RAN based turbulence models are to model the (Reynolds Stress tensor) and provide closure to the RANS equation. The three main categories of the turbulence models are linear eddy viscosity models, non-linear viscosity models and Reynolds Stress Model(RSM). [9] There are three types of linear eddy viscosity models: algebraic models, one equation models and two equation models. They are based on the Boussinesq hypothesis which models the Reynolds stress tensor to be proportional to the mean rate of strain tensor, by a coefficient named the eddy viscosity,. This infers that the turbulence flow field acts similarly to a laminar flow field. [10] (5) The second term of the right hand side of the equation above is required when solving turbulence models that needs to calculate the turbulent kinetic energy, k from the transport equations. The equation for k is half the trace of the Reynolds Stress tensor. For the algebraic turbulence models, no additional PDE equations are created to describe the transport of the turbulent flux and the solutions are calculated directly from the flow variables. An algebraic relation is used as closure based on the mixing length theory. The mixing length theory states that the eddy viscosity have to vary with the distance from the wall. However, the problem with these equations are that they do not account for the effects of turbulence history. In order to improve the turbulent flow predictions, an additional transport equation for k is solved which will replace the velocity scale and include the effects of turbulence flow history. For one and two-equation models, the modeled k equation is involved thus discussion on the exact k equation will first be done. The exact k equation is a PDE derived by multiplying the incompressible NS equations with , averaging it and multiply with . The exact k PDE equation obtained is The left hand side(LHS) terms are the material derivative of k which gives the rate of change of turbulent kinetic energy. The first term on the right hand side(RHS) is the production term and represents the turbulent kinetic energy that an eddy will gain due to the mean flow strain rate. The second term on the RHS represents the dissipation term which meant the rate at which the kinetic energy of the smallest turbulent eddy being transferred into thermal energy due to the work done by the fluctuating strain rate against the fluctuating viscous stresses. The third term on the RHS is the diffusion term which represents the diffusion of turbulent energy by molecular motion. The last term of the RHS is the pressure-strain term which signifies the tendency to redistribute the kinetic energy in the flow due to the turbulent and pressure fluctuations. In order to close and solve the k equation, the Reynolds Stress, dissipation, diffusion and pressure-strain term has to be specified. For the Reynolds Stress term, it is already mentioned at the beginning that it is based on the Boussinesq hypothesis. The eddy viscosity, is modelled similarly to how it was done for the algebraic models Where is a constant, the length scale of turbulence eddies, is similar the mixing length and velocity scale of the turbulence eddies is replaced by the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy, k. The equation above is an isotropic relation which means that it is assumed that the momentum transport is the same in all direction at any point. Next, the dissipation term is modelled based on the assumption that the rate of turbulence energy received is equal to the rate of turbulence energy dissipated. Thus, we can write the equation and since the equation is homogenous, it can be characterized by the length and velocity scale of turbulence eddies giving Where is a constant. For the diffusion and pressure-strain term, the sum is modelled based on the gradient diffusion transport mechanism as there is the pressure-strain term is small for incompressible flows. The gradient transport mechanism implies that there is a flux of k down the gradient. It is to help ensure that the solutions are smooth and a boundary condition can be applied on k when k is in the boundary. There is no Therefore, the equation shows Where is the turbulent Prandtl number and is normally equal to one. -not completed will talk about the modeled turbulent kinetic energy in one equation spalart allmaras -will talk about dissipation part for 2 equation model in k-e This test case is chosen because the flow was mapped and documented in detail as So et al was able to measure and document the flow in detail using a Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) at 10 axial stations up to 40d downstream. Thus, the validation of the accuracy of the RANS turbulence models on confined high swirling flow can be done. Description of Test Case The flow consists of an annular high swirling stream projected into a pipe of uniform radius, R = 62.5mm with a central non-swirling jet of diameter, d = 8.7mm. The swirl number, S of the flow is calculated with Where U is the axial velocity and W is the swirl velocity. The swirl number just downstream of the swirl generator is approximately 2.25 which indicates that it is a high swirling flow and will cause an adverse pressure gradient at the centreline. The purpose of the non-swirling jet was to delay the occurrence of reverse flow due to the adverse pressure gradient along the centreline from 12d to 40d downstream from the inlet. Geometry (Computational Domain) The confined swirling flow in this case is a subcitical flow according to the rule of thumb of Squire mentioned in Section x. Thus, two different computational domains were used for the simulation of the flow to check if the exit geometry will affect the swirling flow simulated. Figure 2 (temporary figure) The first computational domain is the complete geometry of the pipe which consist of the computational inlet at x/d =1 and the constriction of 0.75R from x/d = 70 to the computational outlet at x/d = 90. The second computational domain is a cut off from the first domain at x/d = 55 where the constriction is removed. Meshing -have not completed it. Will be updated in the next revision. Boundary Conditions Inlet The inlet experimental measurements for the axial and tangential velocity and stresses are provided. However, the radial velocity component was not measured and is set to 0 rad/s. The radial stress is also not measured and was set equal to the tangential stress, whereas the three shear stresses are assumed to be zero. < graphs of prescribed to be added> Outlet Conditions at the outlet are not known prior to solving the flow problem. No conditions are defined at the outflow boundaries as ANSYS FLUENT will extrapolate the required information from the interior. It is assumed that the flow is fully developed at the exit end thus the outflow boundary condition is used. (dphi/dx|exit = 0) Wall The no slip condition is applied.

Effective Writing Is Important Essay -- essays research papers

Effective Writing is Important I have become to notice, through my coursework, that writing well is a tool that everyone can benefit from. Good writers will tell of many an occasion in which their talent has earned them advancement; an advancement that comes to play not only in the job market but also for personal gratification. Fortunately, writing is a skill that can be both taught and practiced to a point at which virtual perfection is reached. The many facets of writing can seem quite overwhelming to the novice. The aspect of writing that most people are unaware of is the fact that it is actually broken down into just a few basic principles. Because of the many benefits that proper voice, structure, and thesis development bring to one's writing, these facets of writing are more impo...