Maa 725 - 4100 Words

| MAA 725 | Advanced Accounting Principles and Practice | | Dr. Li Liu | Unit Chair | Group 4 Chesten Anne G. Beloso – 212342256 Xiaohan Liu - 211640339 Cuanling Wei - 212120435 â€Å"We certify that the attached work is entirely our own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. We also declare that it has not been submitted for assessment in another unit or course.† 06 May 2013 Number of words: 3,943 INTRODUCTION This assignment aims to present in a clear and concise manner our viewpoint towards remuneration disclosure, considering steps to improve this matter of contention is taken voluntarily by the boards as recently stated by The Australian Financial Review. Section I explains†¦show more content†¦* An attempt to be an accountable or responsible company by reporting information voluntarily. Managers are likely to consider that stakeholders have a right to certain information, and that they should fulfil that entitlement despite the related costs (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Analysis This paper provides an overview of the current debate and the theories that attempt to explain executive remuneration disclosure. Attention is given to underlying accounting theories such as Positive Accounting Theory, Normative Accounting Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Legitimacy Theory, Institutional Theory, Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theory. We will now analyse motivations to improve remuneration disclosure using the theories of financial accounting. Accounting theories typically either explain or predict accounting practice or they stipulate unambiguous accounting practice. Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) aims to make good predictions of actual world events and convert them to accounting transactions. Its general objective is to understand and predict the choice of accounting policies across conflicting firms. It recognises that economic consequences exist. In relation to PAT, because there is a need to be efficient, the firm will want to minimise costs associated with the performance indicators used by the firm. PAT uses hypotheses aroundShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of crime are frustration of failure in school, the increasing availability of drugs and alcohol, and the increase of child abuse and neglect of children (Tsunokai Kposowa, 2009; Resko et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2008; Kotch et al., 2008; Maas, Herrenkohl, Sousa, 2008). All these factors increase the likelihood that a child will commit an offense. Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents The juvenile justice system in various countries tries to rehabilitate young people who were delinquentRead MoreDevelopmental Analysis Essay2754 Words   |  12 Pagespositive effect on children’s social, behavioral, psychological, and cognitive development later in life. In conclusion this study was meant as an exploratory and preliminary investigation of fathers; experience during pregnancy Vreeswijk,M.J.M.,C., Maas,B.M.A.,J., Rijk,H.A.M.,C., Bakel ,V.J.A. H., (2013). Over the years as growing into an adult it has really been a struggle for me to maintain a healthy relationship with the opposite sex, because I am always questioning is this person who they sayRead MoreRoy Theory14019 Words   |  57 Pagesexpected range in response to activity.† Nursing-sensitive outcome measures are operations or activities that describe precisely what outcome indicator is to be measured and how; for example, extremely compromised (1) to not compromised (5) (Johnson, Maas, Moorhead, 2000). Outcomes, outcome indicators, and outcome measures are all needed to establish patient outcomes or goals. There are similarities between goals as defined by the adaptation model and outcomes as defined by NOC. Both address individualsRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 Pageseducation. Listening to Rap †¢ 705 Finally, we include a measure of respondents’ own cultural capital activities. While mainly used as an explanation of educational and occupational attainment (DiMaggio 1982; DiMaggio and Mohr 1995; Aschaffenburg and Maas 1997), measures of cultural capital have also been deployed to uncover dispositions, or orientations, towards the arts (Bourdieu 1984; Swartz 1997). We use it here as a further measure of the characteristics and lifestyles of the audience for rap –

Capitalism Is A Sustainable Society Essay - 1833 Words

Analysis of Capitalism Capital can be defined as assets that can produce goods and services. Capitalism is a type of society that current exists only in some parts of the world. This type of society is actually only several hundreds of years old and does not exist everywhere on earth. In an isolated scenario, capitalism has its benefits. But the nature of capitalism is not isolated and this is the reason why it’s dysfunctional. Through this analysis, I will explain the nature of capitalism, why it’s beneficial and why it’s dysfunctional. To finish, I will explain why capitalism is a sustainable society. Capitalism was not discovered. Instead it was evolved only recently. In order to illustrate this phenomenon, let’s take the physics nature of gravity as an example. Physicists have traced the existence of gravity all the way back to the big bang that occurred almost 14 billion years ago. When Sir Isaac Newton noticed an apple fall from a tree and examined it, he described the concept of gravity. The phenomenon of gravity had always existed but it took a long time before somebody described it, therefore â€Å"discovering† something that already existed. The description of it provided a basis for our further understanding and new discoveries in physics. On the other hand, capitalism was not always there. It only recently evolved into existence recently. Living things including both plants and animals live in societies or ecosystems. Take for example plants. Plants haveShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development Of Private Enterprise1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe primary objective of these two books is the sustainable development of private enterprise, and despite fact that they have been in existence for a couple of years since production, the content and key topics remain extremely pertinent to current arguments about sustainability of the environment, and climatic change. The commitment made by the two books is best comprehended by viewing them in connection to the idea of sustainable development. The two books begin by a thought of sustainabilityRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The Environment Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity resulting in collective action and shared responsibility in all. In terms of Localism the primary solutions offered were eco-anarchism and bioregionalism. Eco anarchism involves self-organized, volunteering and cooperation among member of the society. Bio regionalism is the use of natural borders such as ecosystems to separate regions. Both Litfin and Wapner stress the interconnection between the local and the global. This is evident where Litfin specifically mentions the Global Action NetworksRead MoreGlobalization Is A Utopian Dream Of A Humanist Universality855 Words   |  4 PagesThe main assumption of this report is to discredit the false claims that globalization of Capitalism is the only viable path to greater prosperity and development for a society. This report identifies that there is in fact a necessity to explore other econ omic systems because neoliberal capitalism is currently observed to be greatly impacted by economic and ecological predicaments. The annotations below show numerous possibilities of using alternative economies as an altenative for growth and prosperityRead MoreMarket based environmentalism Essay examples683 Words   |  3 Pagesapproaches help promote both environmentalism and competitiveness by putting emphasis on the positive results rather than on the technologies (Bruekner 2010, 62). This essay shall explain the advantages and weaknesses of natural step and natural capitalism and why they are considered as market-based environmentalism. The natural step framework is an approach for tackling environmental problems built on agreement and systems assessment (Bruekner 2010, 63). Its main aim is to make organizationsRead MoreEvaluation: Ethical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding Drucker and Friedman. Some key components that are included in the evaluation are: †¢ A definition of the concept of social responsibility. †¢ What Cohen identifies as the social responsibility of a business to the workers, stakeholders, and society as a whole. †¢ How Cohen’s perspective of the social responsibility of business aligns with the perspective of Drucker. †¢ How Cohen’s opinion of the social responsibility of business compares with the opinion of Friedman. †¢ Finally, an identificationRead More Ecofeminism- Links the domination of women and the domination of nature.958 Words   |  4 Pagesfalls into this subordinate category because it continues to be pressed and used to benefit the man machine. It may be hard for participants in the capitalist system to open their eyes and accept an ecofeminist stance when the realms of ecology and capitalism are held in opposition. Ecofeminists do not support the idea that womens increased economic, political and social participation in the predominant, but also destructive and life-opposing socio-economic system is a good way to freedom (LittigRead MoreHuman Alienation and Computational Ecopoetics Essay530 Words   |  3 Pagesnew emotion in the mind. The work is centred on a basic questions of what frame of mind could bring about sustainability and how might we develop necessary cultural framework that enables sustainable behaviour? There is a sense that the question of sustainable behaviour is a critical concern facing our society today. Arguably, it has already become integral to the enframing of technology, and is no longer a notion on the fringe of politics and radical consciousness. 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The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sust ainable development as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†2. The second perspectiveRead MoreManipulating Activism Case Study923 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental perception and organizational flaws could create visible change, the most significant solution to environmental issues is found at the level of reforming practices at the macro-level, since the relationship between the government and capitalism perpetuates the largest-scale environmental harm. Micro-level efforts such as individualism help bring awareness to environmental issues, but their success is ultimately limited and manipulated by macro-level powers. Maniates recognizes how American

Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales Free Essays

The Winds of April. Manila: University of the Philippines Press, 1941. * Seven Hills Away. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales or any similar topic only for you Order Now Denver: Alan Swallow, 1947. * Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories. Manila: Benipayo, 1954; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories. Manila: Benipayo, 1954; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * A Season of Grace. Manila: Benipayo, 1956; Russian translation, 1974; Malaysian translation, 1988; Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992. * The Bamboo Dancers. Manila: Benipayo, 1957; first published in full in Diliman Review and Manila Times Sunday Magazine (three-part serial); Alan Swallow, 1961; Russian translation, 1964; Manila: Bookmark Filipino Literary Classics, 1992 * Look, Stranger, on this Island Now. Manila: Benipayo, 1963. * Selected Stories. Denver, CO: Alan Swallow, 1964. * Mindoro and Beyond: Twenty-one Stories. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1981; New Day, 1989 (emended edition). * The Bread of Salt and Other Stories. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993; University of the Philippines Press, 1993. * Work on the Mountain.Includes The Father and the Maid, Essays on Filipino Life and Letters and Kalutang: A Filipino in the World, University of the Philippines Press, 1996. * A Novel of Justice: Selected Essays 1968-1994. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts and Anvil (popular edition), 1996. * A Grammar of Dreams and Other Stories. University of the Philippines Press, 1997. * The Winds of April. Reissue, University of the Philippines Press, 1997. N. V. M. Gonzalez once said. A teacher, author, journalist and essayist, Gonzalez is one of the most widely recognized, anthologized and closely studied among Filipino writers. His most notable works include the novels The Winds of April, The Bamboo Dancers and A Season of Grace, short story collections Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and The Bread of Salt and Other Stories and essay collections Work on the Mountain and The Novel of Justice: Selected Essays. Gonzalez distinctively wrote of the Filipino life, of the Filipino in the world. Gonzalez is himself a Filipino in the world, traversing between the United States and the Philippines and exploring Europe and Asia. The affair of letters Gonzalez created is more than literature.It is the story of a Filipino in the world. It is his story. Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez, familiarly known as simply â€Å"N. V. M. ,† was born on September 8, 1915 in Romblon, Romblon and moved to Mindoro at the age of five. The son of a school supervisor and a teacher, Gonzalez helped his father by delivering meat door-to-door. Gonzalez attended Mindoro High School from 1927 to 1930, and although he studied at National University in Manila, he never obtained a degree. While in Manila, Gonzalez wrote for the Philippine Graphic and later edited for the Evening News Magazine and Manila Chronicle.His first published essay appeared in the Philippine Graphic and his first poem in Poetry in 1934. â€Å"For the good of my soul lately I have been reading Jose Rizal and as much as I admire Mr. Rizal’s political sentiments, I must say I prefer Gonzalez as a novelist. † -Wallace Stegner, 1950| A Rockefeller Foundation fellowship, awarded to Gonzalez in 1948, allowed the aspiring author to travel to Stanford University in Palo Alto, California and Columbia University in New York City. While at Stanford, Gonzalez attended lectures and classes from many prominent writers, Wallace Stegner and Katherine Anne Porter amongst them.After Gonzalez returned to the Philippines in 1950, he began a long teaching career, beginning with a position at the University of Santo Tomas. Gonzalez also taught at the Philippine Women’s University, but it was the lengthy position at the University of the Philippines that gave distinction to Gonzalez’s career – as a teacher at the university for 18 years, Gonzalez was only one of two people to teach there without holding a degree. Gonzalez hosted the first University of the Philippines writer’s workshop with a group who would soon form the Ravens. In addition, Gonzalez made his mark in the writing community as a member of the Board of Advisers of Likhaan: the University of the Philippines Creative Writing Center, founder The Diliman Review and as the first president of the Philippine Writers’ Association. Gonzalez continued to teach when he returned to California in the 1960s, serving as a visiting professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara; professor emeritus at California State University, Hayward; and professor at University of California at Los Angeles’ Asian American Studies Center and English department.Throughout Gonzalez’s teaching career, the author produced 14 books and accumulated many awards along the way. Through these writings, Gonzalez received many prestigious awards, including repeated Palanca Memorial Award for Literature awards, the Jose Rizal Pro Patria Award, and the City of Manila Medal of Honor. In addition, his books became internationally recognized, and his works h ave been translated into Chinese, German, Russian and Bahasa Indonesian. Gonzalez received an honorary doctorate from the University of the Philippines in 1987 and became its first international writer in residence in 1988.He served as the 1998-1999 Regents Professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and continued to receive distinctions such as the National Artist Award for Literature in 1997 and the Centennial Award for Literature in 1998. In 1990 and 1996, â€Å"N. V. M. Gonzalez Days† were celebrated in San Francisco and Los Angeles, respectively. Despite Gonzalez’s travels, he never gave up his Filipino citizenship. Critics feared that Gonzalez would someday settle into the Filipino-American genre of literature, but Gonzalez often pointed out with an all-familiar twinkle in his eye, â€Å"I never left home.True to his word, the home that shaped Gonzalez’s days is present in his writings, from the blossoming of a love story to the culture reflected in an immigrant experience. N. V. M. started his career at the age of 19; 65 years later, he was still creating affairs with letters. He passed away on November 28, 1999, due to kidney complications. He was 84. N. V. M. Gonzalez is remembered as an innovative writer, a dedicated and humble worker and an honest witty friend. He will be dearly missed. How to cite Biography Og N.V.M Gonzales, Papers

Bp Problem with the Oil Spill for Technology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBp Problem with the Oil Spill for Technologyin Society. Answer: The British Petroleum (BP) offshore drilling ring caused an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This occurred when their equipment failed causing the explosion and making the ring to sink. This event had serious effects on the stakeholders (Bozeman, 2011). The effects of the oil spills are being felt by the society and economy either on the long-term or short-term period. The occurrence led to the loss of human lives who worked at BP. The aquatic creatures could not survive due to the pollution in the deep-sea. The oil spills led to a decline in tourist arrivals who visited the coastal region. People who relied on fishing and other recreational activities had to suffer due to the lack of a source of income. The values for property decreased and the commercial activities in the region were highly affected. Investing in this region became a risky thing as the place that was always busy and highly populated, was now unattractive to investors. This essay seeks to discuss this situation and the ethical issues involved from the BPs and other stakeholders. BP Management must make sure that they reduce their operating expenses and increase their profits. They have to work under limited time and hit the set targets. The company gives bonuses and other benefits to those who achieve the set targets. This is a show of self-interest while ignoring the safety of the environment. Halliburton presented two options for constructing the well designs. BP company decided to pick on the cheap and fastest well design. Halliburton knowing that there was a high probability of the well design failing disagreed with Bp, as they wanted to satisfy the customer and any disagreement would lead them to lose the job (Mezi? et al. ,2010). The long string casting method reduced the operating cost and time resulting in a reduction in the price charged to the public. This was deemed effective if only the explosion did not occur, but unfortunately, the oil spill happened. BP was fined due to their act of negligence (Flammer, 2013). This proved that the well design option they settled for was not the best. Engineers do not give priority to their safety, although they have raised their worries about the absence of safety strategy to the organization, they involve themselves in the controversial decision. This is due to their worry about having job security while ignoring public safety and environmental damage. Whistleblowing promotes public safety and may have been done. Conferring to NPSEs way of behavior, Engineers must follow the uppermost values of uprightness and reliability when carrying out their duties. Engineers will guide their clienteles on the outcome to expect on the projects in the future ignoring their self-interests at the cost of the dignity and honesty of their profession. BPs code of conduct states that if one is not sure of the way out in a given situation, or else is worried about the code of conduct is broken, one is obligated to express himself out (Summerhays Villiers, 2012). Employees should have reported the safety issues and if no action was taken, they ought to have stopped working and speak up for their safety. Employees have to weigh their respect for the company and their respect for the fellow workmates lives and the public at large. This overshadows the respect for the company. The employees ought to have insisted on directing BP managers that if they carry on their exercise, their safety was at risk. They would have snubbed their interests of securing their jobs resulting in putting their workmates, public lives and the marine lives at risk. Some employees fail to report t when they see something going wrong in their place of work, and thus they become partly liable in case of misfortunes. However, this would be due to the culture of BP, where anyone trying to raise concerns about safety that will derail the drilling plan would lead them jobless. The worker and those who had worked for BP in the past said that the management abandoned old equipment, distressed and abused the workers not to report the problems they encountered (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). They also postponed or ignored inspections so that they would reduce production costs involved. Besides harassment, some employees were even fired. This not only happened to the employees but also to some sub-contractors. They were unable to forward their concerns regarding their safety due to the culture in BP of putting speed and finance first ignoring safety. This deed of firing and mishandling employees is not justified. It shows that BP was not ready to follow the safe ty procedures. By dismissing its workers, BP reduced the threat of internal information going outside as those fired served as examples to the rest of the employees. This was demoralizing the employees, as they had to be silent about safety due to job security. The workers could also have thought of a different way out for conveying their safety issues to the management. The workers could have sent anonymous emails or write suggestion letters withholding their identity. This would have prevented harassment and been fired and would have probably made the management to act differently. Whereas concealing the issues concerning safety in the organization, BP increased the duration where they enjoyed the big amount of profits and maintained a good reputation. This was later to turn into a great loss felt by BP and the world, which was much greater than the benefits they enjoyed (Barnett, 2014). The employees lost their lives, a large number of marine lives perished, and huge sums of money were used to help clean up the oil spill and also compensating the affected people (Dubinsky et al., 2013). The action of BP is not justified. According to the code of conduct for companies, activities carried out should be done in a professional, ethical and responsible manner. Managers in BP should do things in a proper and accountable way. The management was receiving concerns about safety yet they failed to rectify or even act on them. This showed that the management did not act professionally in line with the organization code of conduct. BP might have possibly considered not to reveal the oil spill loss thinking that this could have helped in reducing the community fright and preventing confusion (Smith, Ashcroft, 2011). Through the imposed fear, BP should concentrate on developing and implementing the control measures. Thus, BP concealed the facts so as to get a full advantage to the community as well as the company hoping that the company will be able to clean up the spills. This is unethical and should not be tolerated by any organization. BP violated the codes of ethics in several ways. As stated in IEEE, one should be truthful and real while declaring estimates and claims. The BP underestimated the oil spill rate. BP management responded to the public by stating that the estimates were complex to make. Considering the Reversibility theory of ethics, BP managers were obligated to inform the people who use and live at that coastal region about the actual damage caused by the oil spill and its effects; this could have helped them to determine the magnitude of the effects on their health and livelihood in general. The ecologist and another specialist also need to know the exact data so that they can act appropriately. Thus, BP should not have underestimated the oil spill. BP was withholding vital information needed. Agreeing with NSPE standard of morals, engineers will shun the usage of declarations comprising a substantial falsification of information or overlook a material detail. A live streaming video of the wellhead was to be made available to the public by BP. However, the company released a compressed video lacking the significant details. It is possible that it tried to ignore important proofs from the people. Conferring to the code of morals, engineers should not avail openly or unevenly any involvement meant to influence the public specialist or protected work (Freudenburg, Gramling, 2011). The BP Company acted dishonorably by buying online search engines and scientists to try to reclaim its tattered image In conclusion, whereas dealing with ethical issues, there could be some conflict of interest between the engineers and the BP management at the expense of public interest. Ccompromising human lives is not justified even though at times it calls for the sacrifice the engineers interests (Griggs, 2011). The BP management did not respect the uncompromising principle when they compromised the condition of the rigs safety equipment. Halliburton and BP engineers worked on their self-interests of job security at the cost of the public and aquatic lives leading to rising of the oil spill disaster (Mariano et al., 2011). The difference between what is correct or incorrect in any ethical issue is unclear. A decision that is acceptable to one party may be unfavorable to the others. A suitable measure would be to fulfill all or most universally agreed approach (Goldstein, Kriesky Pavliakova 2012). However, professional codes of ethics may fail to include all possible situations that an employee may encounter thus the engineers should put into consideration all likely solutions and make a decision founded on the most suitable method. References Barnett, M. L. (2014). Why stakeholders ignore firm misconduct: A cognitive view.Journal of Management,40(3), 676-702. Bozeman, B. (2011). The 2010 BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Implications for a theory of organizational disaster.Technology in Society,33(3-4), 244-252. Cherry, M. A., Sneirson, J. F. (2010). Beyond Profit: Rethinking corporate socialResponsibility and greenwashing after the BP oil disaster.Tul. L. Rev.,85, 983. Dubinsky, E. A., Conrad, M. E., Chakraborty, R., Bill, M., Borglin, S. E., Hollibaugh, J. T., Tom, L. M. (2013). A succession of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.Environmental science technology,47(19), 10860-10867. Freudenburg, W. R., Gramling, R. (2011).Blowout in the Gulf: The BP oil spill disaster and the future of energy in America. MIT Press. Flammer, C. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), 758-781. Griggs, J. W. (2011). BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill.Energy LJ,32, 57. Goldstein, B. D., Kriesky, J., Pavliakova, B. (2012). Missing from the table: the role of the environmental public health community in governmental advisory commissions related to Marcellus Shale drilling.Environmental Health Perspectives,120(4), 483. Mariano, A. J., Kourafalou, V. H., Srinivasan, A., Kang, H., Halliwell, G. R., Ryan, E. H., Roffer, M. (2011). On the modeling of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill.Dynamics ofAtmospheres and Oceans,52(1-2), 322-340. Mezi?, I., Loire, S., Fonoberov, V. A., Hogan, P. (2010). A new mixing diagnostic and Gulf oil spill movement.Journal of Science,330(6003), 486-489. Summerhays, K., de Villiers, C. (2012). Oil company annual report disclosure responses to the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. New York publishers Smith, L., Smith, M., Ashcroft, P. (2011). Analysis of environmental and economic damages From British Petroleums Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Pearson.